The influence of treatments with various phytosanitary products (fungicides) on the attack of some phytopathogenic fungi on wheat harvest – Glosa variety - in 2021 pedoclimatic conditions of the eastern Baragan

Abstract

This study aims at monitoring the dynamics of the occurrence and evolution of the attack of some pathogens to Glosa Romanian wheat variety, among which we mention: Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici (sin. Puccinia triticina) which produces wheat’s brown rust and Septoria sp. which produces wheat’s brown leaf spotting (septoriosis). Also, the influence of applying these fungicides on the harvest, as compared to the untreated control variant, has been monitored. One experiment with 7 variants (6 variants with phytosanitary treatment, plus one control variant not treated) was taken into consideration for this study, for which the following phytosanitary products were used, as follows: NATIVO PRO 325 SL (prothioconazole 175 g/l + trifloxystrobin 150 g/l), EVALIA (azoxystrobin 250 g/l), EVOLUS (prochloraz 320 g/l, + tebuconazole 160 g/l, + proquinazid 40 g/l). The treatment variants were the following: V1 – NATIVO PRO 325 SL 0.70 L/HA, 1 treatment applied at straw’s extension (22nd April 2021) + 1 treatment applied at the beginning of kernel’s filling (7th June 2021), V2 – EVALIA 1.00 L/HA, 1 treatment applied at straw’s extension (22nd April 2021) +1 treatment applied at the beginning of kernel’s filling (7th June 2021), V3 – EVOLUS 0.75 L/HA 1 treatment applied at straw’s extension (22nd April 2021), 1 treatment applied at the beginning of kernel’s filling (7th June 2021), V4 – NATIVO PRO 325 SL 0.70 L/HA, 1 treatment applied at earing – blooming (23rd May 2021), V5 - EVALIA 1.00 L./HA 1 treatment applied at earing – blooming (23rd May 2021), V6 - EVOLUS 0.75 L/HA 1 treatment applied at earing – blooming (23rd May 2021), V7 – untreated control variant. The experiment was placed in Latin square; the 7 variants being placed in 7 repetitions. The year 2021 was rainy in May and June. This has led to obtaining very good wheat yields, but also to the appearance of pathogens’ attacks (e.g. Septoria sp) which prefer such weather conditions. Among the pathogens monitored, the highest attacks had been produced by fungi of the Septoria sp. genus which produce, in wheat, diseases known as septoriosis. Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici producing brown rust in wheat, has generated less attacks. The fungi attack of the Blumeria (Erysiphe) genus producing mildew was sporadic. For this study, the first two leaves located under the ear has been analyzed. These observations has led to the conclusion that all of the 6 treatment variants showed degrees of attack (D.A%) of Septoria sp. fungi, but the attack was lower than in the untreated control variant. The yields of the variants were as follows: V1: 7.259 to/ha, V2: 7.327 to/ha, V3: 7.344 to/ha, V4: 7.310 to/ha, V5: 7.225 to/ha, V6: 7.174 to/ha and V7: 6.919 to/ha.