Influența diferitelor sisteme conventionale și neconvenționale de lucrare a solului asupra indicilor hidrofizici și compactării

Abstract

Many researchers from Romania and overseas showed the real importance of soil tillage systems in crop production and the influence on soil characteristics. The experience was carried out in the East of Romania, in the Experimental Farm of Agricultural University of Iaşi (47 07` N, 27 30` E), on a chambic chernozeom with a clay-loamy texture and 3,4% humus, during o o 2005-2006. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the unconventional tillage systems soil compactation indicators. The experiment was in a “divided plots design” with three replications. Plots were 60 m2 surfaces, seeded with winter wheat, in a rotation soy-bean, winter wheat, maize. Soil bulk density is a useful parameter in studies of soil and crop responses to machinery traffic in agriculture. To determine soil bulk density (BD) at a soil depth of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 c, undisturbed 100 cm3 core samples of 5 cm diameter were taken from all five variants after sowing, during the growing period, and at harvesting. BD at winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) had the lowest value at the seeding time on 0-10 cm depth (1,14 -1,20 g/cm3 ). The values become bigger on 10-20 cm layer having a the greatest intensity in the Disk harrow variant (1,37 g/cm3 ). The highest values had been provided by Plough 20 cm, Paraplow and Disc harrow variants on 20-30 cm layer. In the variant Plough 30 cm and Chisel + rotary harrow had been observed the smallest values (1,24 g/cm3 ). At harvesting, on unconventional tillage the BD had the biggest values on all three layers with a maximum on Disk harrow variant at 20-30 cm depth (1,55g/cm3 ).