Teste chimice orientative de monitorizare a interacţiunii unor materiale organice cu partea minerală a orizonturilor pedogenetice din sere si solarii

Abstract

In function of soils characteristics and the organic material used in composting process, the mixture ratio between these and the conditions in which occurs the decomposition processes of organic matter (aerobic or anaerobic), the compounds resulted from composting processes are different, both as type and as weight. From this point of view, the data from literature cannot be generalized, these being characteristic for certain type of soil and for specific conditions. In consequence, the determination and differentiation methods of compounds resulted from composting processes have more a particular character and, most time a limited applicability in practice. In this paper are presented several utile chemical tests, both in establish of compounds nature which are eliminated in composting processes and for to obtain of some information about the evolution way of composting process of organic materials. The tests proposed by as are based on the capacity of some chemical reagents to react selective with organic and inorganic compounds which contains sulphur, nitrogen and phosphorous. The practical sensibility (pDp) of tested reactions is conditioned by the nature of used reagent, chemical mineralogical characteristics of soil samples and work conditions. The tests have been realized on: (i) gas compounds resulted from organic compounds decomposition by direct and indirect reactions, after gas capitation in solutions adequate for their retention; (ii) the extracts obtained from solid phase after experiments. As reagents were used sulphanilic acid + α-naftilamine, diphenylamine, p-nitro-diazobenzen chloride, sodium nitroprusiate, p-amino-dimethylamine, antimony tartrate and cadmium acetate.