The impact of cortisol on diverse endocrine pathologies in companion animals

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive review of the impact of cortisol on endocrine and nutritional pathologies, focusing on how the levels of this hormone influence various conditions, including diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, and other hormonal disorders. In the context of companion animals, particularly dogs and cats, cortisol plays a crucial role, significantly affecting the development and progression of certain endocrine diseases, with diabetes becoming an increasingly common condition among them. By analyzing specialized literature, research, and diagnostic methods, it is evident that cortisol secretion can be significantly influenced by physiological and pathological factors, such as stress, endocrine disorders (such as Cushing’s syndrome and Addison’s disease), and various nutritional pathologies. Specifically, diabetes insipidus, which can result from dysfunctions at the hypothalamic-pituitary or renal levels, is not directly related to cortisol levels. However, cortisol testing is essential to rule out other causes of common symptoms like polyuria and polydipsia. Overall, the evaluation of cortisol in these pathologies is crucial for accurate diagnosis, treatment management, and improving the quality of life of affected companion animals.