Abstract:
The social agrarian structure of the Romanian people at the end of the
XVIII century was: on the top of the social pyramid were the boyars – who
owned almost all the land of the country, then followed the serfs and a
relatively small number of free peasants. The Rural Law stated that those
peasants that did not receive land had to be put in possession by taking land
from the State estates, which did not happen for more than 12 years. The
same Rural Law had however a major disadvantage when it came to its
implementation, because it lacked the topographic engineers to measure the
area to be received by each peasant. Thuds, the peasant received the land as
a whole.The ideological background of the 1921 agrarian reform began with
the burst of the 1907 major peasant revolt. The democratic bourgeois
revolution fought, on agricultural plan, for the division of the large estates
considered as units of production for peasants’ exploitation, and on political
plan for the elimination of large properties. At the end of the Second World
War Romania still had a backward economy, with many feudal
reminiscences, in spite of a rapid development of capitalism between 1918
and 1945. The industry belonged mainly to foreign capital which held almost
91,9% from the oil industry, 95% from gas and electricity industry, 74% from
metallurgy, 72% from chemical industry and 70% from wood industry
