Abstract:
Crude oil and its derivates now has become a threat to environment due to extraction and transportation. Accidental oil
spills occur regularly at many locations throughout the world. Contamination / pollution of soil with petroleum
hydrocarbons has become a serious problem. Various physical, chemical and biological remediation strategies have
been used to restore polluted soils. For bioremediation technology application, it is necessary to know the optimizing
ways of the biodegradation process. Even though cost the of soil decontamination is roughly similar in many ways,
more and more of pollution research is directed to biotechnological methods based on the ability of microorganisms to
degrade certain pollutants under both natural conditions and through anthropogenic intervention meant to shorten the
time of ecological reconstruction of polluted sites. Bioremediation can be divided into two basic types: natural
attenuation, which can be applied when the natural conditions are suitable for the performance of bioremediation
without human intervention, and engineered bioremediation, which is used when is necessary to add substances that
stimulate microorganisms. Soil bioremediation technologies could be in situ or ex situ. As bioremediation technologies
in situ cand be applied: biostimulation, bioaugmentation, bioventing, stimulation with surfactans, phytoremediation, use
of agricultural land, natural attenuation, biobubbling, cometabolism. Ex situ bioremediation technologies could be
achieved by bioreactors, hovering the land, biopile, composting.
