Research on resistance phenotypes of E. coli strains isolated from foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Timiș county

Abstract

E. coli represents a particularly important pathogenic agent. The bacterium is commonly found in the intestines of mammals, with a remarkable ability to adapt to diverse environments, and is recognized for its resistance to multiple antibiotics. The study of E. coli strains originating from wild animals is not only ecologically relevant but also highly significant for public health, as it provides essential insights into the circulation of resistant bacteria and the risk of their transmission to other species, including humans. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify E. coli strains from wild foxes originating from hunting grounds in Timiș County, as well as to determine the frequency of their antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 50 samples were collected from 25 fox carcasses from the hunting grounds of Buziaș, Moșnița, Oloșag, Boldur, and Sacoșul Mare, leading to the isolation and identification of 31 E. coli strains using the Vitek2 Compact system. These strains were tested for antimicrobial resistance to 15 antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer method. The highest frequencies of resistance phenotypes were observed against ceftazidime (63–75%), ciprofloxacin (56–60%), and imipenem (44–60%). Multidrug resistance was identified in 8 (57.1%) of the E. coli strains, suggesting a potential capacity for both inter- and intraspecific transmission of resistance factors. This study highlights the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli strains from wild foxes, underlining the importance of continuous monitoring of these populations for public health and for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance dissemination.