Acinetobacter species of clinical interest in veterinary medicine

Abstract

Acinetobacter species, particularly those in the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–baumannii (ACB) complex, are increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens in veterinary medicine. While traditionally associated with human nosocomial infections, recent studies document their involvement in various clinical conditions in companion animals, farm animals, and exotic species. A. baumannii, A. pittii, and A. lwoffii have been isolated from urinary, respiratory, dermal, and systemic infections in dogs, cats, and horses, among others. Molecular characterization and phenotypic assays reveal a growing presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains, especially in intensive care units. Resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and even carbapenems was reported in several countries, with high rates of co-resistance and potential for nosocomial outbreaks. The zoonotic risk highlights the necessity of implementing standardized diagnostic protocols and molecular surveillance, while a One Health perspective is essential to monitor interspecies transmission and antimicrobial resistance trends. This review compiles current data on taxonomy, infection sites, resistance profiles, and documented outbreaks, aiming to raise awareness and inform effective therapeutic and preventive strategies.