The influence of treatments with different phytosanitary products (fungicides) on the attack of some phytopathogenic fungi and on wheat harvest – glosa variety - in 2017 pedoclimatic conditions of the Eastern Bărăgan

Abstract

This study aims at monitoring the dynamics of the occurrence and evolution of the attack of some pathogenic agents to wheat – Glosa Romanian variety. Among these, we mention: Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici (sin. Puccinia triticina) which produces wheat’s brown rust and Septoria sp. which produces wheat’s brown leaf spotting (septoriosis). Also, the influence of applying these fungicides on the harvest was monitored, as compared to the untreated control variant. 2 experiments with 4 variants (3 variants with phytosanitary treatment, plus a control variant not treated) were taken into consideration for this study, for which 3 phytosanitary products, homologated for wheat (according to PEST – EXPERT), were used, as follows: ACANTO PLUS (picoxistrobin + cyproconazole); FALCON (proquinazid + tebuconazole + prochloraz); MYSTIC 250 EC (tebuconazole). The treatment variants were the following at the first experiment: V1 - ACANTO PLUS 0.5 L/HA 1 treatment applied at straw’s extension + 1 treatment applied at berries’ filling, V2 - FALCON 460 EC 0.6-0.7 L/HA 1 treatment applied at straw’s extension (0.6 l/ha) + 1 treatment applied at berries’ filling (0.7 l/ha), V3 - MYSTIC 250 EC 0.5 L/HA 1 treatment applied at straw’s extension + 1 treatment applied at berries’ filling and V4 - Control variant not treated. The experiment was placed in Latin square; the 4 variants being placed in 4 repetitions. Among the pathogenic agents under monitoring, Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici fungus, producing the brown rust and the fungi from Septoria sp species, producing brown leaf spotting (septoriosis), had produced the greatest attacks. The first two leaves placed under the wheat ear had been analyzed for the above. These observations had led to the conclusion that for all 3 treatment variants, the degree of attack (D.A. %) of the two diseases was more reduced than at the untreated control variant. The harvests of the treated variants (V1 8.36 t/ha, V2 – 8.46 t/ha and V3 – 7.8 t/ha) were higher than the harvest of the untreated control variant V4, being of 7.78 t/ha. The treatment variants at the second experiment were identical with the ones from the first experiment in what concerns the products used. The difference consisted in the fact that one single treatment was executed at wheat plants’ blooming at the second experiment. For this experiment, the harvests were: 8.00 t/ha at the untreated control variant (V4), while at the other 3 variants were: V1 - 8.48 t/ha, V2 - 8.56 t/ha and V3 - 7.88 t/ha.