Formarea termenilor economici în limba română (procedee interne) - un studiu al perioadei actuale

Abstract

The terminology of economics is a dynamic domain, of rapid development at present - the reason why many studies focus on it, approaching it mainly from the lexicological or the stylistic perspective, for instance discussing the stylistic value of argot derived from determinologised economic terms. The present paper analyses the formation of economic terms using a corpus selected according to clearly delineated criteria - the domain criterion (terms pertaining to economics, as a pilot-science that creates concepts in theories, doctrines, schools of thought and not those pertaining to branches of the economic sciences such as marketing or to the instruments it uses - such as statistics for economics), of the terms extracted from texts pertaining to a certain style (the functional aspect) - the scientific style (at the same time eliminating terms extracted from texts belonging to other styles - non-specialised journals, or from advertising) and also introducing the extra-linguistic criterion of time - only the terms that have entered language after 1918 are analysed. The ratio of loans and calques versus terms formed by internal means (affixation, composition etc.) is evaluated (statistically), as well as the ratio among the latter, the ration between simple and complex terms, between the various parts of speech. The study predictably indicates the higher rate of the loans over terms formed in Romanian, of nouns over all other parts of speech, of loans from English over those from Romance languages, but also - contrary to other studies - the reduced ratio of terms formed by composition. The study (re)assesses certain aspects of loan adaptation into Romanian and the way in which such terms inform and give specificity to the economic terminology in Romanian.