Example of maintaining soil humidity in the aeration area and extracting it from the roots of perennial grasses

Abstract

The water and the soil provide in the complex the existence of all living things. Water is necessary for plants for sweating, namely for evaporative adjustment of the leaf temperature regime. Soil humidity loss occurs due to increased evaporation as a result of its compaction under the influence during the work shift agricultural soil aggregates. The territory of the Republic of Moldova is located in the temperate climatic area. Taking into account the concrete values of the humidity coefficient for different climatic zones, we can state that the multi-annual rainfall deficit in the North Zone of the Republic is about 10-30%, in the Center Zone - 30-40% and in the South Zone - 40 50%. Movement of water in the ”soil-plant” system is carried out by the inflow of moisture from the soil through the roots into the plant and the expenditure of moisture by the plants on evaporation into the atmosphere. The speed of motion is determined by the intensity of transpiration, which depends on the intensity of atmospheric conditions. W.R. Gardner (1975) considers the root of a plant as a cylinder of infinite length with the same radius along the entire length and the same ability to absorb moisture, suggesting also that soil moisture can move in the radial direction. As a result, we plotted the changes in the water potential of the soil as a function of the distance from the root, determined the dependencies for finding the potential on the root surface to estimate the influence of the soil potential on the rate of inflow of moisture to the root. Over the past 15 years in the Republic of Moldova, research into the processes of selection of moisture by plant roots in the soil has continued. Developments are aimed at evaluating nonlinear moisture absorption patterns for a number of crops (cotton, wheat, maize, etc.).