Abstract:
The paper presents the information regarding the bioethanol
produced from corn, possibly wheat. These two raw materials specific for
Romania belong to the category of energy crops. The term „energy crops”
used in this thesis covers all kinds of biomass grown for energy purposes.
Taking into account the harmonization with the EU directives regarding the
partial replacing of fossil fuels with renewable fuels or with fuels produced
from autochthonous renewable agricultural raw materials (mainly cereals,
especially maize), the technological solution to produce bioethanol will be
presented, using cereals specific for Romania (maize, possibly wheat).
Bioethanol is a high-octane fuel that provides superior engine performance
and its use is cost-effective for consumers. Environmentally acceptable
scenarios exist in which bioethanol is a major energy carrier for a
sustainable transportation sector. The Romanian Government Decision
1844/2005 concerning the biofuels and renewable fuels for transport
transposes within the national legislation the Directive 2003/30/EC for the
promotion of the utilisation of the biofuels and renewable fuels for transport.
The paper also presents grounded arguments supporting the supplementary
utilisation of autochtonous corn, possibly wheat, to produce bioethanol.
Through the utilisation of grains to produce bioethanol the availability of
energy crops for food, feed and bio-material production is not affected. On
contrary, energetic availability for engines and for thermal power station
using solid fuels are created, in order to perform the energetic independence
of the production plant. The possibility to use the spent-grain resulted from
the bioethanol technological process as feed, under ecological protection
conditions. The production of energy crops depends on the environmental
conditions in the given region and the agricultural management system
applied, that can ensure high and constante yield, with availability for
bioethanol.
