Abstract:
The expansion of the Sorghum halepense species on the soils in Romania
is owed, first of all, to the fact that the atrazin-based herbicides were used
unilaterally but this herbicide is an extremely selective one for the Zea mais
species and as selective for the Sorghum halepense. In Romania, as in Bulgaria,
Hungary and the ex-Yugoslavia, various researches with the classical herbicides
Mistral, Titus, etc. have been carried out. The present report presents the
efficiency of the classical herbicides as well as that of the new herbicides,
Terano, Mikado, Equip, Maister compared to the Mistral herbicides.
At the Baneasa-Giurgiu site, the land was infested with Sorghum
halepense - the level of covering with the relative species was of over 75%. For
instance, in the not hoeing variants, the corn production was small, as only
1800 kg /ha was obtained. On the other had, the variant treated with 3
herbicides: Guardian 4 litres/ha applied before the sowing, then on the
vegetation with Dialen Super in a dose of 1 litre/ha + Mistral 2.5 litres/ha the
corn production was of 12,200 kg/ha - of course, the corn culture was irrigated
three times during the vegetation, having a wetting norm of 400 m3
/ ha. Among
the “classical” herbicides, Mistral, Titus and Equip, the best results in fighting
the Sorghum halepense species was obtained with Mistral applied in doses of
2.0 - 3.0 litres / ha - the fighting being of 95 - 100 % while the Titus 75 DF
herbicide applied in a dose of 50 g / ha the fighting of the Sorghum halepense
species was only of 47%. As regards the conditions in Banat, the experiments
were carried out at the Didactic Site of the University of Agricultural Sciences
and Veterinary Medicine in Timisoara. The land on which the relative
experiment took place had a covering degree with Sorghum halepense of about
68%. The best results in fighting the Sorghum halepense species and the most
important corn production were obtained in the variants treated with the
Mistral herbicide, The Master herbicide was placed second.
In conclusion, the sorghum halepense is the species that causes the
biggest damage in the corn culture. Under the conditions in the Danube
Meadow, the losses in corn were over 9500 kg/ha (under irrigation conditions),
and in Banat of over 4000 - 5000 kg/ha under non-irrigation conditions).
