Evoluţia unor parametrii calitativi în funcţie de fertilizarea organică şi minerală la cultura de floarea-soarelui, în condiţiile din Câmpia Moldovei

Abstract

Sunflower in an oleaginous plant because of it high oil containing (the fruit - akene), which is often rising over 50% from dry substances. Nutritive value is very high also because the presence of other substances such as: provitamin D, lipo water-soluble A, D, E vitamins, tocoferoli, lecithin, cephalin, colins, B4 vitamin, B8 vitamin. Sub products which results after the extraction of brut oil (main sub product – turte, coarse-ground grist, flours, shells), and also from brut oil refinery, through them chemical composition (richness in proteins of the main sub product, in unnitrogen extractives and shell’s cellulose) find them self other good primary and secondary usefulness. Lately, sunflower may be consider as a protein plant. From one tone of seed results medium 300 kg of turtes and coarse-ground grist, which contains between 30 and 50% brut protein (depending on the quality of the seeds and on extraction methods). For a production of 1600 kg/ha akenes results 216 kg brut protein or 183,6 pure protein (medium values), with a highly biological valor made by amino acids content (12,8 g lizine; 5,0 g triptofan; 6,5 tirozin; 2,69 g cistin; 29,3 g arginin; 8,7 g histidin on one kg of turtes). The protein character of sunflower crop, results on indirect manner from using the seed’s shells as substratum for green crop yeast (1 tone of shells → 150 kg green crop yeast with 14 – 23% protein, 6 – 8% glycogen). In this scientifical paper, we present the evolution of shell percent and brut protein content of sunflower akene, depending on different fertilizers dozes. By growing up the nitrogen dozes results the growing of seed’s protein content, and potassium proves to have the same positive effect