Abstract:
The herb and aromatic plants constitute the first substance used for
the production of the medicines of vegetal origins for the chemical
pharmaceutical industry. In comparison with the cereals and even with the
technical plants, these occupy an insignificant area. The significance of their
growing must be considered not for the area they occupy, but for their
specific value, the product of each could not be usually replaced. On a
universal scale, the aromatic and herbal plants are enjoying a rising
attention and they are the object of many phitochemical, agrobiological and
pharmacological searchings. Foeniculum is an aromatic and medicinal
species, used even from antiquity. It is cultivated for fruits that contain
volatile oil composed from trans-anetol (50-75%), cisanetol (0.2-0.5%),
estragol (2.6-6%) phenilpropionici and terpenic derivatives. The stem, the
leaves and the flowers contain ethereal oil (0.25%) with the same
composition as the one from the fruit .The active principles that they contain
have the antispastic, carmninative ,galactogoge ,sedative, diuretic,
expectorante, vermifuge pharmacodynamic action, being used in the
pharmaceutical industry, in cosmetics for the ocular inflammatory states
treatment .The volatile oil is used in the alimentary industry and in perfumery
.It is also a meliferic species ,the flowers offer the bees the ingathering of
nectar and pollen , (0.012-0.135 mg nectar/flower; 25-100kg/hectar honey)
in July and August. The experience has been located on SD Banu Maracine
territory on a luvic preluvosoil which can be characterized by a humus
conten , middling to weakly supplied with 2.16 percent in the first horizon
stock, after which it gradually lowers on the profile up to 0.42%. The soil is
well supplied with phosphorus and mobile potassium. In the first horizon, the
content is of 80, respectively 320ppm, and under 40 the quantities suddenly
lower. For the climate characterization the dates recorded at Craiova
meteorological station were used. Within the framework of the experience
different doses of NPK were used. The optimum doses of mineral fertilizers
are of N96P54K60 when the largest quantities of volatile oil are obtained. The
fertilization of the cultivation with N128P36K40 led to the obtaining of the
weakest results. The Foeniculum plants respond to the chemical fertilizers,
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Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară Iaşi
the latter proving their efficacy, but they should be applied in moderate
quantities, and between NPK a well balanced proportion must be assured.
