Măsuri nonstructurale pentru prevenirea şi diminuarea eroziunii de suprafaţă de pe versanţii cu folosinţe agricole

Abstract

In the middle of Europe, at 45° north latitude, there is some of the most important natural risk for human life, who can be remedied by improvements land measure. The natural risk named from modern genomic are: geomorphologic, hydrological and climatic. Erosion phenomena’s through their manifest mode, very different amplitude in time and space concordant with the natural conditions certify the fact that these make part of natural risk. Specifically cure for natural risk, like kind of land improvement works can be: geomorphologic natural risk - works and measure of erosion control, dike works; hydrological natural risk - works and measure of erosion control, dike works; high flood attenuated works and reservoirs; climatic natural risk - irrigation works; works and measure of erosion control. Land improvement works, through measure and control works, bring the contribution through cure to all range of natural risk: the geomorphologic natural risk through attenuate sheet and gully erosion; the hydrologic natural risk through decrease the high flood level of rivers; the climatic natural risk through attenuate the runoff and implicit through retention and better reclaim of rainfall. Like nonstructural measure for prevent and control of soil erosion it was studied, in the frame of C.C.D.C.E.S. Perieni, and are presented: structure and crop rotation and erosion protection crop system. An adequate agricultural practice on slope land is conditioned from crop system structure and crops rotation. The establishing of sort of crops on slope land must be made in depended from tow criteria: soil protection and crop level. The erosion effectiveness of crop systems, on slope land, is conditioned by range of slope value. A proper cultivation structure mixed with erosion crop system reduced erosion and sediment effluence with 20%. Through land improvement measure are better capitalize water from rainfall, the runoff are reduced with 11 - 30%.