Establishing the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in calves in the intensive and extensive livestock management system

Abstract

The study analyzed the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infection in two locations within the Moldavia Region: Gherăești commune (Neamț County) and Dancu farm (Iași). The primary objective was to identify factors influencing infection prevalence in calves and adult cattle, as well as to assess the zoonotic potential of the parasite in human infections. The research included 153 fecal samples collected from calves and adult cattle. Results showed the highest prevalence of infection in the 5-15 day age group, accounting for 45% of positive cases. Intensive farming systems (Dancu farm) exhibited a prevalence of 70-82%, with severe clinical symptoms (persistent diarrheal syndrome), compared to extensive systems (Gherăești commune), where symptoms were less pronounced. The lack of calf immunization and inadequate hygiene conditions significantly contributed to the spread of infection.Intensive farming systems facilitate the rapid propagation of infection due to high animal density and direct contact. Implementing strict hygiene protocols is essential, including regular disinfection of housing areas, effective waste management, and providing an appropriate diet to support the immune system. Differences between intensive and extensive farming systems suggest that environmental factors play a significant role in infection prevalence. Extensive systems demonstrated a lower prevalence of clinical symptoms, likely due to reduced exposure to cysts and better ventilation of housing areas.The conclusions highlight the necessity of implementing strict prophylactic measures, including thorough cleaning of housing areas, prophylactic vaccination of cattle, and regular monitoring of potable water sources. For calves, introducing immunostimulatory supplements and ensuring proper colostrum management are critical for reducing infection risk. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating effective control and prevention measures in both animal husbandry practices and public health strategies