Evaluating Coenurosis in sheep using CT scans: hounsfield unit analysis of parasitic cysts and tissue damage

Abstract

Coenurosis, caused by the larval stage of Taenia multiceps, is a parasitic disease that poses a significant threat to sheep populations worldwide, leading to severe neurological impairment and substantial economic losses. The formation of cysts within the central nervous system, particularly the brain and spinal cord, necessitates early and accurate diagnosis for effective management and control. This study evaluates the use of CT as a diagnostic tool in cases of coenurosis in sheep. CT imaging consistently revealed hypoattenuated cystic structures of varying shapes and sizes, easily distinguishable from healthy brain tissue. Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements confirmed that the cystic content was primarily fluid, occasionally containing air, while elevated HU values along the cystic membrane suggested the presence of protoscolices, enhancing diagnostic confidence. Additionally, CT allowed for the evaluation of bone involvement, crucial for determining the extent of structural damage and informing prognosis and surgical planning. The observed improvement in clinical symptoms following surgical drainage of cystic fluid highlights a potential therapeutic approach to managing coenurosis, although further investigation is required to assess the efficacy of complete cyst excision. The study involved 4 cases with observed cyst volumes ranging from 0.65 cm³ to 3.42 cm³, with corresponding Hounsfield Unit values from -65 to 88. Post-operative improvement was confirmed through imaging. This study underscores the diagnostic value of CT in coenurosis and suggests that future advancements may lead to viable treatment options for affected animals.