Influence of paclobutrazol concentrations, soil types and production seasons on physicochemical attributes of Keitt mangoes

Abstract

Mango is an important fruit with nutritional and economic benefits. However, the impact of varying paclobutrazol (PBZ) concentrations, soil types, and production seasons on its quality is less known in the literature. This study investigated the effects of varying PBZ concentrations, soil types, and production seasons on the quality of Keitt mangoes, aiming to optimise fruit attributes for both domestic and export markets. Conducted over three years in the Eastern Region of Ghana, this study had a 5×3×3 factorial design, with 5 PBZ concentrations (0, 10, 12.5, 20, and 25 mL), 3 soil types (Agawtaw, Akuse, and Baraku), and 3 production seasons (major, minor, and off-season). PBZ application had a concentration-dependent influence on the physical attributes of Keitt mango fruit, particularly fruit size, density, and firmness. Lower PBZ concentrations (0–12.5 mL) improved fruit size and total soluble solids (TSS) content, while higher concentrations (20–25 mL) reduced these parameters. Soil fertility played a key role, with fertile soils, such as Agawtaw, producing larger, heavier fruit with higher TSS and moisture contents. Seasonal variations also influenced the outcomes, with the major season favouring optimal fruit development due to favourable climatic conditions. Non-treated trees (0 mL PBZ) produced the largest and heaviest fruit, while the 25 mL PBZ treatment increased fruit firmness and extended the shelf life by reducing the total titratable acidity. The study emphasises the need to tailor PBZ applications to soil fertility and seasonal factors to achieve the desired fruit quality. These findings offer valuable insights for mango growers, promoting sustainable practices that enhance yield, quality, and economic viability in Keitt mango production to meet the growing global demand.