Abstract:
A crop rotation system with
optimal placement and saturation of leading
agricultural crops can improve the
environmental conditions of the surrounding
environment and increase the agricultural
efficiency. Therefore, solving this task is
relevant both scientifically and practically,
especially in the current conditions of
deteriorating environmental conditions in
Ukraine. The development of
environmentally safe technologies for the
competitive production of high-quality crop
products in the Black Sea Steppe. The
primary method was fieldwork,
supplemented by analytical studies,
measurements, calculations, and observations
according to generally accepted
methodologies and guidelines in agriculture
and crop production. This study focused on
crop rotation systems and primary soil tillage
systems. This study examined the impact of
different primary soil tillage systems on the
yield of winter wheat and oats in a shortrotation
system. For the 1st and 4th crops, the
most favourable conditions for winter wheat
yield formation were observed when it was
planted after black fallow and green manure
fallow with winter vetch. In these cases,
almost identical grain yields were recorded,
averaging 3.98 and 4.08 t/ha for the 1st crop
and 3.29 and 3.16 t/ha for the 4th crop. The
differences in yield were not significant. For
the 2nd crop, when comparing yield with the
control (black fallow), an increase in yield
was observed in the background of green
manure fallow with winter vetch. The
increase of 6.9% was statistically significant.
The no-till system of primary soil cultivation
provided the best conditions for the formation
of winter wheat grain yield in the 1st, 2nd, and
4th crops, with increases of 10.4, 6.9, and
5.4%, respectively, compared to conventional
tillage. In the experimental variants, for the
1st and 4th crops, green manure fallow with
winter vetch affected winter wheat yield,
almost at the level of black fallow. For the
2nd crop, green manure fallow with winter
vetch showed a clear advantage. Across all
winter wheat crops, a positive impact on yield
formation was observed with the no-till
system. This system resulted in the highest
yield compared to other soil tillage systems.
