Sound and silence: a comparative study of noise pollution in Shimla’s residential and commercial sectors, Himachal Pradesh, India

Abstract

Noise pollution is a growing global issue, impacting both developed and developing countries, including India. Shimla, a historically significant city and a popular hill station in Himachal Pradesh, is experiencing increasing noise pollution due to its expanding population, more vehicles, congested roads, and tourists. This study evaluates noise pollution in Shimla’s commercial and residential areas, comparing current levels with Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) standards and proposing mitigation measures. Noise was measured using a Metravi (SL-4010) sound level meter, with readings taken every three minutes for three hours in the morning, at noon, and in the evening. The equivalent continuous noise level (Leq) was calculated and compared to standards. Measurements were conducted in March and April 2024 at 15 locations. Additionally, a survey of 100 people assessed the causes and effects of noise pollution. Results showed that the Leq dB(A) values ranged from 76.87 dB(A) at Boileauganj Chowk to 84.97 dB(A) at the Old Bus Stand in commercial areas. In residential areas, Khalini Chowk recorded the highest Leq of 80.56 dB(A), while Mall Road had the lowest at 76.87 dB(A). Vehicles were identified as the primary noise source by 75% of respondents. In the survey, 51.67% of respondents reported irritation due to high noise levels, and 38.33% experienced headaches, highlighting the adverse effects on residents’ well-being and health. All locations exceeded CPCB standards for noise levels. The study recommends measures to reduce noise pollution in Shimla and suggests further comprehensive noise pollution studies in Himachal Pradesh.