Some aspects of the behavior of 25 lines inoculated with artificial infections with Fusarium Spp.

Abstract

In Europe the most important pathogens that produce the breakage belong to the genus Fusarium, being F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. poae, F. oxysporum and F. lateritium. Corn fusariosis is one of the main problems of this crop, encompassing all the areas around the world where this plant is grown. The most widespread species in the western area of Romania are: F. moniliforme and F. graminearum. Pathogens contribute to the degradation and quantitative and qualitative decrease of production on average by 20-25%. A limited number of diseases can damage the maize crops, causing significant losses of production. Among these are fusarian diseases which, due to their frequency and intensity, can be considered the most damaging for corn crops (Mureşan et al, 1973; Moose, 2004; Nagy et al 2006). Fusarium diseases reduce the value and quality of crops by massive accumulation of mycelial masses of mushrooms of the genus Fusarium (about 85%) on berries and earbuds as well as contamination with specific mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisin (FUM) (Vyn and Tolenar, 1998; Yazar and Omurtag, 2008). This experience at the ARDS Lovrin corn amelioration laboratory is aimed at obtaining an initial material resistant to this disease, sorting, selecting existing material within the laboratory, and genetic aspects of maize resistance to this disease. Experience has taken place in the experimental field of the laboratory. In order to study this disease, (respectively the two species of Fusarium), three types of infections were carried out according to the organ of the plant: stalk (It); seed infections (Is); ear infections (Isht). The experimental genotypes are inbred lines in the crossbreeding program (25 variants) of different precocity groups, as well as inbred lines of parental forms of hybrids in culture and those proposed for homologation.