Importance of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) vernalization on seed production: a review

Abstract

The seed-to-seed method is the most often used process in cabbage seed production. The transition from vegetative phase to generative one requires vernalization in terms of bolting and flowering. Vernalization is a physiological process that converts vegetative meristem tissue to reproductive tissue. It is a natural adaptation that ensures flowering happens only after the exposure to low positive temperatures for an extended period of time, allowing flowers and seeds to mature under normal conditions. The purpose of this research was to present the vernalization demands of Brassicas, the mechanism of vernalization, molecular changes of vernalization, and the factors influencing flowering, such as environmental factors and plant growth regulators, in cabbage seed production.