Abstract:
Diagnosis of the gallbladder oedema is difficult during the clinical examination because the clinical signs are not
specific for this disease. The causes of this pathology are multiple and can be divided into emergencies (such as
anaphylactic shock, right-sided hearth failure, pericardial effusion) and chronic pathologies (such cholecystitis,
pancreatitis or immune-mediated hemolytic anemia). Imagistics methods complete the information of the clinical exam
and ultrasound is considered the golden standard for diagnosing this pathology. Normally, at the ultrasound exam, the
gallbladder has a hyperechoic wall, with a diameter of 2-3 mm; while in case of gallbladder oedema, the wall is thick
and has a triple stratification, with 2 hyperechoic rows, separated by a hypoechoic line. This pathognomonic description
of the gallbladder oedema is also known as the ‘Halo Sign’ or ‘Double Rim Effect’. Making a correct differential for the
appearance of the sign is vital for the outcome of the case. The main focus is to exclude every emergency cause in order
to start treating the chronic pathologies. This paper presents the pathologies leading to gallbladder oedema, met at the
Radiology and Emergencies Departments from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Iasi during the period march 2020 –
may 2022. The clinical case presented was diagnosed and treated at the Center of Endoscopy and Minimally Invasive
Surgery Bucharest.
