Etiopathogenetic aspects in tumoral diseases

Abstract

The tumoral disease is a pathology encountered more and more often, especially in pets. Whatever the type of tumor that appears in an animal, the general etiology is often the same, being represented by a combination of genetic and environmental factors that by association cause the transformation of normal cells into cells with aberrant behavior, unlimited mitotic capacity and potential for metastasis and invasiveness. Knowing these general etiological factors, as well as identifying the specific ones, can help us prevent the appearance of tumors, control the evolution of the disease and even formulate an effective treatment. The present study aims to illustrate what are the potential causes of tumors in general and how they can lead to their formation. Among the main factors to be considered are the environmental or infectious factors that can either induce point mutations or epigenetic changes in various genes or that stimulate the expression of already existing changes that have been passed down through generations in a dormant state. Even so, for a tumour to be formed these events are not enough and it requires a cascade of phenomena that will ensure the preservation, propagation and expansion of the nuclear and cellular changes that occurred during this first induction moment.