Biodiversity of micoflora and harmful fauna in apple orchards from UASVM Bucharest

Abstract

In Romania the knowledge of the main diseases and pests that occur during the apple vegetation period is a priority in the cultivation technology of this fruit tree species. The proposed studies aim at collecting information on the control of diseases and the microlepidopter population in order to establish the phytosanitary status of apple plantation. The research was carried out in the USAMV - Bucharest didactic field, in the apple orchard, and all apple varieties were studied, where the degree of attack was calculated based on the frequency and intensity of the diseases. The distinctive Golden Orange variety was the most attacked, with the Podosphaera leucotricha shoots at 70% and the intensity of 85%. This variety has the same high sensitivity to Venturia inaequalis, namely 80% frequency and 65% intensity. Microlepidopter surveillance in the apple orchard was performed using the pheromone trap (AtraPom). Pheromone traps were placed in the tree crown from late April to June. They were placed on three diagonals and 1.5 m high. Weekly observations highlighted that the first catches were recorded at the beginning of May (3 adults / trap), with a maximum flight in the in the second decade of May (7 adults/trap) and the last catches were in the second decade of May (2 adults/trap), with a single flight corresponding to the first generation.