The effect of Pangium Sp. and Tithonia Diversifolia leaves extract as vegetable pesticides to Crocidolomia Pavonana (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) larva mortality

Abstract

Pangium sp. and Tithonia diversifolia have the potential to become vegetable pesticides due to the content of secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and saponins in their leaves, which are plant protection agents. This study aims to determine the mortality of Crocidolomia pavonana larvae after application of Pangium sp. and Tithonia diversifolia. C. pavonana is one of the main pests affecting cabbage production in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Pangium sp. and T. diversifolia leaf extraction separately were carried out by immersion method using methanol (CH3OH) solvent and followed by current-current distribution method. The result of crude extract was partitioned in a 95% mixture of hexane methanol (C6H14 - CH3OH). Then, the 95% methanol fraction (CH3OH) was further partitioned with a mixture of ethyl acetate and water (EtOAc - H2O), and the extract from the ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) was then used in testing as a vegetable pesticide. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments, namely 0% (control), 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% and carried out three replications, where each treatment used 10 larvae. Larval mortality observations were carried out at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 HAA (hours after application). The results indicated that there was a mortality rate of C. pavonana larvae, so that the Pangium sp. and T. diversifolia have the ability to act as botanical insecticides, although T. diversifolia extract treatment showed a higher mortality rate, compared to Pangium sp. Larval mortality above 50% (LC 50) was found in P3 (0.3%) treatment after 72 HAA, is of 53.33% (Pangium sp. extract) and 63.33% (T. diversifolia extract), successively. Then, at 120 HAA, the same larval mortality rate from both extractions in P3 treatment, increased to 76.67% using Pangium sp. extract, while the same mortality rate (76.67%) using T. diversifolia extract occurred in 96 HAA observations. ANOVA test showed significantly different results for the two extraction uses of Pangium sp. and T. diversifolia. LC 50 in Pangium sp. extract, at a concentration of 0.136% or 1360 ppm and in T. diversifolia extract of 0.1103% or 1103 ppm.