Influence of variety and fertilizers on 1000-grain weight in winter wheat, under conditions of Dobrogea

Abstract

1000-grain weight is a polygene determinism trait, highly influenced by environment. Therefore, establishing a soil background on which 1000-grain weight is the highest, has a special importance. The genetic component involved in controlling the grain size was important in breeding this trait. In achieving 1000-grain weight, the specific interaction between variety x fertilization level pointed out the following aspects: some varieties, like Romulus and Dor, did not react at increased nitrogen and phosphorus rates; on N80P70 soil background, as compared to N0P0, Alex and Flamura 85 varieties achieved bigger grains, with 2.3 g and 1.8 g, respectively, significantly assured differences, while the Rapid variety achieved bigger grains with 4.8 g, very significantly assured differences. On N120P70 soil background, as compared to N0P0, Alex, Boema, Delabrad and Lovrin 34 varieties achieved bigger grains, with 1.8 and 2.2 g, respectively, significantly assured differences. As compared to unfertilized N0P0 background, only one variety, Lovrin 34 achieved the biggest grains with 2.0 g, significantly assured differences. The highest 1000-grain weight was obtained at the variant fertilized with N80P70 (41.7 g), and among varieties, we noticed Rapid, on N80P70 soil background.