Abstract:
The goal of the experiments
carried out during 1980-2009, at the Podu-
Iloaiei Agricultural Research Station, Iasi
County, was the study of water runoff and
soil loss, caused by erosion, in different
crops and the influence of water and soil
erosion on loss of organic matter and
mineral elements from soil. The results on
runoff and soil losses in different crops from
the Moldavian Plateau have shown that,
during 1980-2009, of the total amount of
570.2 mm rainfall, 366.1 mm (64.2%)
produced water runoff, which was between
6.3 mm in perennial grasses and 29.6 - 35.4
mm in maize and sunflower crops. The
annual soil loss by erosion was between
0.246 t/ha in perennial grasses and 8.976
t/ha in sunflower. Erosion has affected soil
fertility by removing once with eroded soil,
high amounts of mineral elements, which
reached 16.1-17.5 kg/ha nitrogen, 1.2-1.3
kg/ha phosphorus and 2.0-3.2 kg/ha
potassium, in maize and sunflower crops.
The crop structure, which determined the
diminution in mean soil losses by erosion
until 3.206 t/ha, included 20 % straw
cereals, 20% annual legumes, 20% row
crops and 40 % perennial grasses and
legumes.
