Abstract:
The goal of the experiments
carried out at the Podu-Iloaiei Agricultural
Research Station, Iași County, was the study
of water runoff and soil losses, caused by
erosion, in different crops and the influence
of water and soil erosion on the losses of
organic matter and mineral elements from
soil. The results on water runoff and soil
losses in different crops from the Moldavian
Plateau have shown that in the last seven
years, of the total amount of 608.4 mm
rainfall, 387.5 mm (63.7%) produced water
runoff, which was between 8.5 mm in
perennial grasses, in the second year of
vegetation, and 34.9 - 36.8 mm, in maize
and sunflower crops. The annual soil losses
due to erosion, recorded at the same period,
were between 0.190 t/ha/year in perennial
grasses, and 4.079 - 4.451 t/ha/year in maize
and sunflower crops. Erosion has affected
soil fertility by removing once with eroded
soil, high amounts of organic carbon and
mineral elements, which reached 10.71 -
11.26 kg/ha nitrogen, 0.56 – 0.64 kg/ha
phosphorus and 0.98 - 1.11 kg/ha
potassium, in maize and sunflower crops.
The crop structure, which determined the
diminution in mean soil losses by erosion
until 1.383 t/ha included 20 % straw cereals,
20% annual legumes, 20% row crops and 40
% perennial grasses and legumes. On land
with a slope of 16%, lowering the
percentage of weeding plants from 60% to
20% has reduced the amount of eroded soil
by 49%.
