Abstract:
Approximately 34% of soils
in Asia are influenced by salts. With about
25 million ha of saline and alkaline lands,
about 15% of the country, Iran has the most
saline lands in Asia after China, India, and
Pakistan due to its geographical position,
climate and human activities. This research
was done due to determine the effective
factors on soil and water salinization. At the
first the boundaries of this region were
characterized using GIS, then landuses were
determined for field survey and also soil
sampling in nine landuses were done
according to both factors of planting pattern
and water resources in each unit. The soil
profile was prepared and soil samples were
obtained from surface depths of (0 - 50 cm)
and some factors such as soil texture EC,
SAR, pH, CaCO3, Cl and potassium were
measured. For study of water resources
some samples were obtained from 30 wells
and also from upland runoff, then soil and
water sample were analyzed and some
parameters such as EC, SAR, Cl- and pH
were measured. Finally, according to data
base, geological map, topography map,
landuse map, soil and water measured data
and also field studies, soil and water
salinization schedule and region status were
investigated. The results showed that
important factors influencing water
salinization in Ghaleh Ghazi region (Iran)
are geological formations located in aquifer
recharge and climate condition. Important
factors of soil salinization in region are
irrigation with saline water, improper
irrigation method, unsuitable planting
method, climate condition and landform.
