Facial regeneration: current status and perspectives

Abstract

Skin aging is a complex biological processes influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors. The primary aim of all skin anti-aging strategies is to reverse the dermal and epidermal signs of photoaging and chronological aging. Healthy and normal functioning skin barrier is an important protector against dehydration, penetration of various microorganisms, allergens, irritants, reactive oxygen species and radiation. The skin barrier may be specifically adjusted to allow penetration of desired substances.Regenerative medicine is the science of replacing, engineering or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore or establish normal form and function. It uses cells, tissues, drugs, synthetic biomaterials and devices to help patients heal or regeneration. The reason of different methods of skin regeneration is to increase skin regeneration, elasticity, smoothness, density, macroscopic and microscopic aspect, changing the skin condition. It is necessary to slow down ageing processes on a cellular level concomitantly. We can provide to the skin primary structural constituents, such as collagen, elastin, to prevent the formation of wrinkles, but some products and techniques do promote the natural synthesis of these substances except elastin enhancing. Simultaneously it is necessary to prevent wrinkle formation by reduction of inflammation (topical or systemic antioxidants) in combination with sunscreens and retinoids to enhance their protective effects. An important attention must be accorded to Transforming Growth Factor- β family, other TGF-β-based approaches (Decorin and Mannose 6 Phosphate), modulation of Smad3/Smad7 Signaling, Epidermal Growth Factor family, Fibroblast Growth Factor family, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor family, Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor, Connective Tissue Growth Factor, Interleukin 10, Connexins, other approaches under investigation for scar reduction, collagen, fibronectin, laminin, elastin, glycosaminoglycans and other natural biomaterials. Regenerative Aesthetic Dermatology is focused on innovative treatments to support the skin in restoring and regenerating old and/or damaged tissue and thus improving overall skin quality, promoting faster healing while minimizing downtime and side effects for patients. The onset of effects could be instantly after procedure or can be observed gradually increasing over the time (weeks or monthes), as we are determining the skin to help itself. The regenerative treatments are encouraging the skin to build more collagen and elastin itself by bio-stimulation: resurfacing the epidermis (topical drug application, ablative LASERs, Laser radiofrequency resurfacing, ablative radiofrequency, microneedling, plasma skin resurfacing, crystal-free microdermabrasion), the formation of new collagen (IPL, Lasers, radiofrequency, infrared, Jett Plasma Medical, medical needling, mesotherapy, platelet-rich plasma, fillers as hyaluronic acid, HydraFacial MD, Oxygen facial, chemical peels, hormone replacement therapy, autologous and allogeneic stem cells, gene therapy), slow down the visible aging process by helping in the management of certain dynamic facial lines and wrinkles (Botulinum toxin). 518 Resurfacing the skin could be considered as a cancer prophylaxis and aesthetic dermatology is contributing to slowly, healthy, gracefully aging.