Abstract:
Droughts can be considered the most complex climatic phenomena, because they trigger several factors, namely:
atmospheric precipitation, soil water reserve accessible to the plant, humidity and air temperature, evapotranspiration,
wind speed, etc., these being the main climatic parameters that define the state of dry or dry weather. This article
provides a brief analysis of the statistical data with the most frequent droughts on the territory of the Republic of
Moldova. From this point of view, drought risk management is a set of rigorously established and organized activities,
which, starting from the existing conditions and objectives of the entity, analyze risk factors in a security concept, in
order to minimize risks and costs. Only the precise knowledge of the circumstances, causes of occurrence and
legitimacy of manifestation of these phenomena, called in the literature natural hazards or risk phenomena, allows the
adoption of appropriate measures to mitigate the negative effects and reconstruction of affected regions. Of particular
importance to society is the earliest and most accurate prediction of natural disasters. Drought is a prolongation of
insufficient rainfall and is a natural feature of the climate. It can occur in any climatic zone, but its characteristics can
vary from one region to another. The evaluations show that the deficit of atmospheric precipitations is practically
specific for the whole territory of the republic. The deficit of precipitations and their very uneven distribution condition
frequent and intensive droughts. The probability of very strong droughts (≤ 50% of the climatic norm of precipitation)
with catastrophic consequences in some months of the vegetation period on the territory of the Republic of Moldova is
11 - 41%.
