Diagnosing canine idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome

Abstract

The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome is defined as persistent eosinophilia of unknown origin. It is believed to be a reaction to an unidentified antigen or a inability of the organism to control its eosinophil production. The resultant eosinophilia is a systemic disorder that can be fatal, made manifest through the clinical signs of the affected organs. Eosinophilic invasion of tissues, associated with cytokine release and chemical mediators, determine organ damage and disfunction. Any organ can be affected, thus creating a puzzling clinical presentation. It commonly first affects the gastrointestinal tract, liver, spleen, bone marrow, lungs, and lymph nodes. Less frequently, it involves the skin, kidneys, heart, thyroid, adrenal glands and pancreas. It is believed that the Rottweiler is one of the breeds predisposed to this syndrome, alongside the German Shepherd, Siberian Husky, Alaskan Malamute and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. We present the case of a Rottweiler with this rare disease and the steps taken to reach this uncommon diagnosis.