Haematological diagnosis of anemia in dogs and cats

Abstract

Anemia is part of the erythrocytic system pathology and is characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin and in number of red blood cells in circulating blood, which is a common disorder both in animals and in humans. This study proposes to identify types of anemia according to morphological and etiopathogenetic criteria in 26 patients. The diagnosis of anemia in dogs and cats was based on anamnestic data, clinical and paraclinical examinations. By quantitative haematological determinations and blood smear examination, there were identified 13 cases of normocytic normochromic anemias, 4 of macrocytic hyperchromic anemias and 9 of microcytic hypochromic anemias. Depending on the number of immature erythrocytes circulating in the blood, were identified 7 cases of hyperregenerative anemias, 6 hyporegenerative, 10 generative and one normoregenerative anemias, 2 of these cases remaining unclassified. Regarding the etiopathogenesis of anemias, were identified 11 cases of parasitic hemolytic anemias, 4 cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemias, one case of infectious hemolytic anemia, 2 cases of posthemorrhagic anemias and 8 hemolytic anemia associated with unknown causes. The results obtained indicate 92.3% of peripheral hemolytic anemias and 7.7% of anemias caused by excessive red blood cell loss.